Experts have called for robust regulation and ethical oversight of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in healthcare, stressing that while the technology offers benefits, it also carries significant risks. This was disclosed at a forum themed “AI in Healthcare: Risk or Asset?”, which was held on Thursday at the French Institute in Abuja. It brought together government officials, healthcare professionals, and development partners.

Thierry Vapentin, Director of the French Institute, welcomed participants, describing the Institute as “a place for learning, sharing knowledge, and debating ideas.” He emphasized that the debate would be interactive and open to all.

Dr. Anthony Ayeke, Programme Manager at the European Union Delegation, highlighted the growing role of AI in African healthcare. He warned that while AI can improve diagnosis and service delivery, overreliance without human oversight is risky.

Dr. Niyi Osamiluyi, CEO of Premier Health Systems Consults, proposed an ethical framework emphasizing equity, transparency, human oversight, inclusion, confidentiality, consent, accountability, and auditability. “Accountability must lie with an institution or an individual,” he said.

Joshua Kojalo highlighted government-led initiatives, including mobile apps for remote health insurance enrolment. He stressed that locally sourced data is crucial to avoid bias and ensure equitable access.

Dr. Temitope Agbana, Co-founder of AIDX Medical, shared experiences from AI-enabled lab systems, noting how technology doubled sample processing while emphasizing that human judgment remains essential. “There is no perfect system,” he said.

Dr. Chimezie Anyakora, CEO of Bloom Public Health, warned that vulnerable populations face the greatest risks without proper regulation. “AI is exciting, but those most at risk bear the brunt of any negative consequences if oversight is weak,” he said.

Panelists agreed that governance and capacity building are vital. Kojalo noted, “If the government fails to regulate, AI risks becoming a luxury service for the wealthy while excluding rural populations.”

The forum concluded that AI can strengthen Nigeria’s healthcare system if guided by ethical frameworks, government oversight, and proper capacity development, ensuring that innovation benefits all citizens and mitigates potential harm.