Christmas celebrations have returned to the birthplace of Jesus after a two-year hiatus, but the joy remains overshadowed by another turbulent year for Palestinians living under Israeli-occupation in the West Bank.

Morning mass was held at the Church of the Nativity in Bethlehem on Thursday, a day after crowds of Palestinians and foreign tourists flocked onto Manger Square to attend celebrations for the first time since they were halted in solidarity with Palestinians suffering a two-year deadly war in Gaza.

Despite the festivities, the numbers of people attending remained limited, which, according to Palestinian politician Mustafa Barghouti, is due to Israeli military checkpoints blocking roads in the West Bank.

As the war in Gaza raged on, the occupied West Bank experienced a sharp escalation in Israeli military operations, record numbers of Palestinian home demolitions and unprecedented expansion of Jewish settlements amid a Palestinian leadership plagued by allegations of corruption and stagnant decision-making.

In 2025, more than 30,000 Palestinians were forcibly displaced from their homes in cities in the West Bank in “what has become the longest and largest displacement crisis in the West Bank since 1967,” the United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (UN OCHA) said in a report published November.

This year saw a record number of Palestinian home and structures demolition in the West Bank over building permits, but human rights group, like the Norwegian Refugee Council (NRC) said in October that the destruction is a “deliberate policy of dispossession.”

“Families are being stripped of homes, water and livelihoods in a calculated effort to drive them from their land and make way for settlements,” said Angelita Caredda, NRC’s Regional Director for the Middle East and North Africa. “This is not accidental destruction. It is a deliberate policy of dispossession.”

In the latest series of violence, an Israeli reservist ran over a Palestinian man while he was praying in the occupied West Bank on Thursday, according to the Israeli military and a CNN review of footage, hours after the soldier had fired gunshots in the area.

Footage obtained by CNN on Thursday showed an Israeli man driving a quad bike along a pathway in the central town of Deir Jarir in Ramallah. In the clip, he charges the vehicle toward a Palestinian Muslim man praying on the side of the road, before running him over. Moments later, the Palestinian man stumbles up and is seen walking back to the quad bike that rammed him.

The Israeli military, in a statement on Thursday, confirmed to CNN that they had reviewed the same footage, which showed “an armed individual running over a Palestinian individual.”

Earlier that day, the “same reserve soldier” had “fired his weapon while dressed in civilian clothes” in Deir Jarir, the statement from Israel Defence Forces (IDF) said.

“The incidents are under review. Based on the findings, the matter will be transferred to the relevant authorities,” the IDF statement added. The IDF terminated the soldier’s reserve service and confiscated his weapons “due to the severity of the incident,” the statement said.

The violence has coincided with record illegal settlement building across the Palestinian territories.

This month, the Israeli cabinet approved the legalization and establishment of 19 settler outposts and in May, Israel announced it would establish 22 new settlements in what Israeli settlement watchdog organization Peace Now said was the largest expansion of settlements in more than 30 years.

“Such unilateral actions, as part of a wider intensification of the settlement policies in the West Bank, not only violate international law but also risk fuelling instability,” 14 countries said in a joint statement criticizing the 19 new settlements.

Far-right Finance Minister Bezalel Smotrich, himself a settler, announced the settlement expansion in a statement earlier this month. (CNN)

• The acting Latin Patriarch of Jerusalem Pierbattista Pizzaballa attends a morning Mass at Saint Catherine's Church in the Church of the Nativity in Bethlehem on Thursday.

Mussa Qawasma/Reuters