As part of Nigeria’s ongoing tax reform efforts, the federal government is proposing a new investment-driven incentive framework aimed at addressing long-standing inefficiencies in the current Pioneer Status Incentive (PSI). The new scheme, known as the Economic Development Incentive (EDI), is designed to stimulate real economic activity by tying tax relief directly to verifiable investments.

This was the focus of a keynote address delivered by Taiwo Oyedele, Chairman of the Presidential Committee on Fiscal Policy and Tax Reforms, at BusinessDay’s Policy Intervention Series held on April 22 in Lagos.

According to Oyedele, a close review of the Pioneer Status Incentive revealed structural flaws that have undermined its effectiveness. “Once granted Pioneer Status,” he said, “companies may import goods classified as ‘pioneer products’ tax-free, effectively allowing them to operate without tax obligations—even with minimal value addition to the economy.”

He further noted that while the PSI was initially designed to encourage investment, it created loopholes and ambiguities. For example, businesses often benefit from extended tax relief even after the designated holiday period ends.

“The assets used during the Pioneer period are essentially frozen in time,” Oyedele explained. “They’re treated as if acquired after the incentive ends—meaning companies only start claiming deductions once the holiday period is over. This creates long-term tax advantages that go well beyond the policy’s original intent.”

He also pointed out that the PSI makes it difficult for the government to quantify revenue forgone and for investors to clearly assess the value of the incentive—undermining transparency on both sides.

Introducing the Economic Development Incentive

The proposed Economic Development Incentive is a departure from the one-size-fits-all model. Instead, it’s structured around priority sectors—primarily manufacturing, followed by services and infrastructure—that have strong multiplier effects on the economy.

Another key design feature is the introduction of minimum investment thresholds to ensure only scalable and impactful projects qualify. For instance, companies operating in capital-intensive sectors like utilities would need to invest at least N200 billion to be eligible for the tax credit.

“The EDI is about real impact,” Oyedele said. “It’s time-bound, sector-targeted, and tied to actual capital deployment—not just approval on paper.”

How the Incentive Works

Unlike blanket tax holidays, the EDI grants companies a 5 percent annual tax credit over five years—totaling 25 percent of the value of their qualifying investment. Importantly, this is in addition to existing capital allowances, making the scheme particularly attractive to long-term investors.

Crucially, approval under the scheme does not mean the investment has already been made. It only confirms that the company has a verified plan. The incentive kicks in only after capital is actually deployed, and all investments are subject to inspection by the Industrial Inspectorate Division.

Oyedele broke down how the system works using practical examples:

If a company invests N10 billion in Year 1, it earns a N500 million tax credit each year for five years.

If an additional N5 billion is invested in Year 2, that new investment begins its own five-year 5 percent cycle—N250 million annually until Year 6.

If the company continues investing progressively, each round of investment starts a new five-year cycle of tax credits, potentially extending the benefit period up to 10 years.

For instance, if a business has a N15 million tax liability in a given year and applies N25 million in tax credits, its liability is wiped out entirely, with the N10 million balance rolled over to subsequent years.

However, there’s a catch: if a company fails to follow through on its investment plan or halts capital deployment, unused credits are forfeited. This accountability mechanism ensures that only consistent and credible investments are rewarded. (BusinessDay)