Sport is defined as an activity involving physical exertion and skills in which an individual or a team competes against another or others for entertainment.

This is the dictionary definition of sports.

Brandon Moore said the essence of sports is that they are played for the enjoyment of competition, the test and betterment of skills interesting to us, and for the love of participating in our chosen sports. Commercially, sports are some of the richest employers of labour globally. Some of the richest living human beings made their cash from professional sports. Serena Williams, the number one lawn tennis player, is conservatively worth $180 million; Floyd Mayweather Jr is so rich that he grossed $400 million; Tiger Woods who plays professional golf is worth $740 million; Cristiana Ronaldo of Juventus Football club is worth over $400 million.

Holistically, from a broad perspective, sport is a critical thematic area that can be analysed from philosophical point of view. This is the import of the conceptualisation of the special area of human studies identified as philosophy of sports.

In a layman’s understanding, philosophy of sports was best captured by a recent entry I read on Wikipedia.org in which the writer defines it as an area of philosophy that seeks to conceptually analyse issues of sports as human activity.

These broad issues of conceptual analyses can be categorised into five philosophical themes, namely: metaphysics, ethics and moral philosophy, philosophy of law, political philosophy and aesthetics. Philosophy generally is derived from two Greek words – philo and sophia – meaning “the love of wisdom.” This, therefore, means that sports are those enterprises embarked upon by mankind in pursuit and advancement of human wisdom. Still on the theme of philosophy of sports so we can deepen our understanding of the whole essence of both amateur and professional sports: To the British society we will go to because Great Britain is one place in the world whereby sports are multi-billion dollars businesses. Most competitive sports like soccer began in Great Britain, whereas basketball which is also rich started in the USA. We will therefore consult one of the best known associations of philosophers of sports to drink from their fountain of knowledge.

The British Philosophy of Sports Association is known to have one of the most fantastic perspectives on the concept of philosophy of sports.

They are of the opinion that philosophy of sports should be characterised by conceptual probe into the nature of sports and related concepts, areas and professions. Philosophy of sports, according to the British body, draws upon and develops many of the diverse branches of the parent discipline, philosophy, and reflects a broad church of theoretical positions and styles.

Before we proceed, it would be nice to remind readers that the theme of reflection today gained inspiration from an incident that occurred in London, during a competitive premiership game between and among two of the world’s most respected elitist football teams: Chelsea and Manchester City football clubs.

By some estimates, the two teams that played on Saturday were said to be worth over one billion pounds Sterling, which means that the players are some of the most highly rated soccer team professionals in the world.

A visit a while ago to the official website of Manchester City football club to ascertain just a brief account of its history stated that in the year 2008, the Abu Dhabi united group became the new owners. The club is said to have broken the British transfer record for the second time with the £32.5 million signing of Robinho from Real Madrid.

On the other hand, a visit to the official website of Chelsea football club reveals what is already known: that the team is owned by one of the richest members of the Russian oligarchy, Roman Abramovich. The ultimate parent company of Chelsea FC is Fordstan Limited. And, as I said earlier, the biggest stakeholder in this parent firm that owns Chelsea FC is the Russian billionaire, Abramovich.

Chelsea FC is an equal opportunities employer, and the board aims to ensure that no job applicant, employee, worker is discriminated against on the grounds of “protected characteristics.”

The following are what it identifies as protected characteristics: age, disability, gender reassignment, marriage and civil partnership, pregnancy and maternity, race/including colour, nationality, and ethnic or national origin; religion or belief; sex and sexual orientation.

It is, therefore, against these backdrops that I have set out to reflect about the unfortunate scenario that played out when the two most respected professional football teams met on Saturday during which a Black player of Manchester City, Mr Raheem Sterling, suffered terrible racist abuses from a lawless fan of Chelsea FC. I, too, I'm a fan of Chelsea FC, but I'm an African and so very conscious of the toxicity of allowing racism to take root in professional or amateur sports. So, this reflection is devoid of any sentimental attachment to any club, but is a philosophical appraisal of how best to root out the deeply embedded racism in sports generally. Luckily, both Chelsea and Manchester City, just like all premiership teams, hate racism passionately. As a media professional, I'm aware of the mind-blowing allegations that institutionally, the British media has helped to deepen the existence of soccer racism. This calls for sober reflection.

Besides the larger issues of media involvement in sports racism, and most especially in Great Britain, which is the world’s capital of the most attractive football, as earlier stated, both Manchester City and Chelsea FC are subscribers to the rules against racism as stipulated by the world football governing body, Federation of International Football or FIFA.

Before going through the laws of FIFA, which frowns strongly against racism in soccer, let us examine what actually happened at the prestigious Stamford Bridge Stadium in London, which has drowned out the deserved victory of Chelsea in that match against the reigning champions, Manchester City.

Stamford bridge stadium is a place I have gone on soccer pilgrimages from my home country, Nigeria every other year, for over a decade; and on the last count I have had to spend nearly £10,000 of my hard-earned money to buy different souvenirs from the flourishing soccer shop located within the expansive football complex in Central London.

Regarding the incident under discussion, the media reports that Metropolitan Police officers have spoken to Raheem Sterling, as they investigate an incident of alleged racist abuse aimed at the Manchester City star in which a fan allegedly called him a “f** black c**.”

The media recalled that it was just six days after a banana was thrown towards African Arsenal star, Pierre-Emerick Aubameyang, by a Tottenham fan in last weekend’s North London derby. Sterling was abused during Manchester City’s 2-0 loss to Chelsea.

Already, reactions have trailed this sad incident. Former Manchester United captain Rio Ferdinand suggested that footballers in England should be inspired by Colin Kaepernick’s kneeling gesture and launch their own bid to fight back against racism, after this latest worrying incident. Pictures of the moment and a video widely circulated on social media appeared to confirm this, with one spectator allegedly making the racist comment amid a barrage of aggressive abuse of Sterling by Chelsea fans.

Some big names in the world of football took to Twitter, to respond to video footage of the incident. The latest victim of these racist abuses has also spoken up.

Raheem Sterling posted a statement on Instagram on Sunday morning addressing the incident at Stamford Bridge. It read:

“Good morning. I just want to say I am not normally the person to talk a lot, but when I think I need my point to (be) heard I will speak up.

“Regarding what was said at the Chelsea game; as you can see by my reaction, I just had to laugh because I don’t expect no better.”

Sterling also said that he believed black players and white players were not treated equally by the media, including the Daily Mail and Mail Online, and that he believes this helps “fuel racism and aggressive behavior.”

Ex-Manchester United defender, Rio Ferdinand, made his views known, posting on Instagram and Twitter: “Are we going to continue to allow this type of racist behaviour go on? All for kicking a ball!”

Ferdinand’s younger brother, Anton, was racially abused in a match against Chelsea in 2011. Blues captain, John Terry, was banned for four matches and fined £220,000 after admitting using the word “black” and swearing at Anton; although he claimed he had only been repeating words he thought the then-QPR defender had accused him of saying.

Rio’s Instagram post attracted a comment from Wycombe striker, Adebayo Akinfenwa, who wrote: “We have to put a stop to this someway.”

Ferdinand replied: “In the NFL, the players took to the knee…”

He was referencing a movement spearheaded by former quarterback, Kaepernick, who began a trend of kneeling during the US national anthem in protest against racism in America. Kaepernick famously explained his position: “I am not going to stand up to show pride in a flag for a country that oppresses Black people and people of colour.”

Former Arsenal striker, Ian Wright, also weighed in on social media, saying he is under no illusion as to what was said by the fan to Sterling. Wright said: “The bad old days are back! Chelsea, you have been shamed by this disgusting racist fan! Absolutely no doubt about what he says.”

Match of the Day host, Gary Lineker, branded the incident “despicable” while BT Sport presenter, Jake Humphrey, said: “If, indeed, it is proved to be racist abuse, then I hope it’s a lifetime ban. No place for it in this world.”

A Chelsea spokesman said: “We’re aware of reports and video footage. We will investigate the matter and take the strongest possible action where necessary.”

A Football Association statement read: “We take all allegations of discrimination extremely seriously, and will work with the clubs and the relevant authorities to ensure this matter is dealt with appropriately.

“We strongly condemn all forms of discrimination, and encourage all fans and participants who believe that they have been the subject of, or witness to, discriminatory abuse to report it through the appropriate channels: The FA, our County FAs or our partners Kick-It-Out.”

The Met Police said: “We are aware of a video circulating online in which it is claimed racial abuse was allegedly directed at a player at a Chelsea v Manchester City game at Stamford Bridge on Saturday, December 8. We will review the footage to determine whether any offences have been committed.”

No arrests have been made, the Met added.

Also the anti-discrimination charity, Kick-It-Out, later issued a statement, which read: “We’ve received reports from a variety of sources about an incident of alleged racist abuse at the Chelsea-Manchester City game. We will forward those to Chelsea and offer our support in their investigation. Yet, another great day of football damaged by prejudice.”

These are the official policies of football governing body (FIFA) on racism. From FIFA's official website we are told: "Racism and discrimination affect society at large, and football is no exception. Their impact on our sport is undeniable. FIFA recognises its responsibility to lead the way in abolishing all forms of discrimination in our game, but also to make the most of the influence football has beyond the pitch thereby contributing to the fight against this scourge of society."

FIFA’s position on the issue is unequivocal: there is no place for racism or for any other form of discrimination in football, as clearly described in the FIFA statutes and several of FIFA’s regulations and codes. We are committed to fighting discrimination in football in all its forms.

In FIFA’s day-to-day operations, the institution has adopted a strategic approach to rid out racism, just as it expresses optimism that, this preventive approach involves five key and intersecting elements that are crucial to embrace diversity and anti-discrimination in world football. Regulations provide the legal basis for FIFA’s overall approach to diversity and anti-discrimination. This covers disciplinary matters, safety and security, employment policies and the position of FIFA’s Diversity & Anti-Discrimination Manager.

Controls and sanctions cover risk assessments, match observation, investigation of discriminatory incidents and possible sanctions, referees’ duties and the training of match officials.

Communications features all media information and PR on diversity and anti-discrimination issues, public awareness raising and campaigning.

Education means providing training for FIFA officials and FIFA staff, and providing an advisory framework for FIFA member associations. Networking and cooperation round off the approach by involving many areas of expertise and organisations, such as member associations, confederations, and governmental and non-governmental organisations.

Basically, on the aims of these measures, The FIFA Diversity Award, highlights the importance of the fight against exclusion and discrimination, and is presented to an organisation, group initiative or football personality that is putting their full weight behind a project or programme that is making a significant contribution to diversity and anti-discrimination.

It argues that through this symbolic recognition and honour, FIFA intends to inspire others around the world to take up the cause, which in turn will motivate other organisations, group initiatives and individuals to exchange best practices and build up networks.

The award, it noted, also provides FIFA with an opportunity to highlight and strengthen its own strategic approach and activities in the field of diversity and anti-discrimination, for example, by firming up relations with key stakeholders or fostering the debate around diversity and anti-discrimination.

In the light of the above, FIFA assembles an 11-member strong jury, comprising prominent figures from global football and international experts in diversity and anti-discrimination in sport.

Interestingly, between them, the jury members combine their expertise in the fight against discrimination in all of its guises, whether based on ethnic, national or social origin, gender, disability, language, religion, political opinion or any other opinion; wealth, birth or any other status, sexual orientation or any other reason. The jury is tasked to select three finalists and the ultimate winner of the FIFA Diversity Award.

I think there are strong enough deterrent measures against racism. It is hoped that all the professional teams and amateur teams globally will take the fight against racism as a major battle to conquer one of the last vestiges of slavery. The United Nations should also make binding resolutions on racism of all dimensions. This is because sports racism can spark off a war.

•RIGHTSVIEW appears on Wednesdays and Saturdays, in addition to special appearances. The Columnist, a popular activist (www.huriwanigeria.com, www.emmanuelonwubiko.com), is a former Federal Commissioner of Nigeria’s National Human Rights Commission and presently National Coordinator of Human Rights Writers’ Association of Nigeria (HURIWA).

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