The global economy will come “perilously close” to a recession this year, led by weaker growth in all the world’s top economies – the United States, Europe and China – the World Bank warned on Tuesday.

In an annual report, the World Bank, which lends money to poorer countries for development projects, said it had slashed its forecast for global growth this year by nearly half, to just 1.7 percent, from its previous projection of 3 percent. If that forecast proved accurate, it would be the third-weakest annual expansion in 30 years, behind only the deep recessions that resulted from the 2008 global financial crisis and the coronavirus pandemic in 2020.

Though the United States might avoid a recession this year – the World Bank has predicted the US economy will eke out growth of 0.5 percent – global weakness will likely pose another headwind for US businesses and consumers, on top of high prices and more expensive borrowing rates. The US would also remain vulnerable to further supply chain disruptions if COVID-19 keeps surging or Russia’s war in Ukraine worsens.

And Europe, long a major exporter to China, will likely suffer from a weaker Chinese economy.

The World Bank report also noted that rising interest rates in developed economies like the United States and Europe will attract investment capital from poorer countries, thereby depriving them of crucial domestic investment. At the same time, the report said, those high interest rates will slow growth in developed countries at a time when Russia’s invasion of Ukraine has kept world food prices high.

“Russia’s invasion of Ukraine has added major new costs,” World Bank President David Malpass said on a call with reporters. “The outlook is particularly devastating for many of the poorest economies where poverty reduction is already ground to a halt and access to electricity, fertiliser, food and capital is likely to remain limited for a prolonged period.”

The impact of a global downturn would fall particularly hard on poorer countries in such, areas as Saharan Africa, which is home to 60 percent of the world’s poor. The World Bank has predicted per capita income will grow just 1.2 percent in 2023 and 2024, which is such a tepid pace that poverty rates could rise.

“Weakness in growth and business investment will compound the already devastating reversals in education, health, poverty and infrastructure and the increasing demands from climate change,” Malpass said. “Addressing the scale of these challenges will require significantly more resources for development and global public goods.”

Along with seeking new financing so it can lend more to poorer countries, Malpass said, the World Bank will, among other things, seek to improve its lending terms that would increase debt transparency, “especially for the rising share of poor countries that are at high risk of debt distress”.

Big three slowdown

The report followed a similarly gloomy forecast a week earlier from Kristina Georgieva, the head of the International Monetary Fund, the global lending agency. Georgieva estimated on US news network CBS’s, Face the Nation, that one-third of the world will fall into recession this year.

“For most of the world economy, this is going to be a tough year, tougher than the year we leave behind,” Georgieva said. “Why? Because the three big economies – US, EU, China – are all slowing down simultaneously.”

The World Bank has projected that the European Union’s economy will not grow at all next year after having expanded 3.3 percent in 2022. It foresaw China growing 4.3 percent, nearly a percentage point lower than it had previously forecast and about half the pace that Beijing posted in 2021.

The bank expected developing countries to fare better, growing 3.4 percent this year, the same as in 2022, though still only about half the pace of 2021. It forecast Brazil’s growth slowing to 0.8 percent in 2023, down from 3 percent last year. In Pakistan, it expected the economy to expand just 2 percent this year, one-third of last year’s pace.

Other economists have also issued bleak outlooks, though most of them not quite as dire. Economists at JPMorgan are predicting slow growth this year for advanced economies and the world as a whole, but they do not expect a global recession. Last month, the bank predicted that slowing inflation will bolster consumers’ ability to spend and power growth in the US and elsewhere.

“The global expansion will turn into 2023 bent but not broken,” the JPMorgan report said. (Al Jazeera)

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