The US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention updated its “high” risk category for travel on Monday with five places, including two nations in South America.

Colombia and Paraguay moved to the Level 3 “high” risk category along with Iraq in the Middle East and Kosovo and North Macedonia in the Balkans.

Level 3 became the top rung in terms of risk level in April after the CDC overhauled its ratings system for assessing Covid-19 risk for travelers.

The designation applies to places that have had more than 100 cases per 100,000 residents in the past 28 days. Level 2 and Level 1 are considered “moderate” and “low” risk, respectively.

Kosovo moved up two rungs this week from Level 1. The other four were previously listed as Level 2.

To recap, these five destinations received “high” risk designations on Monday:

• Colombia

• Iraq

• Kosovo

• North Macedonia

• Paraguay

There were about 115 destinations at Level 3 on July 18. Level 3 locations account for almost half of the roughly 235 places monitored by the CDC.

Level 4, previously the highest risk category, is now reserved only for special circumstances, such as extremely high case counts, emergence of a new variant of concern or health care infrastructure collapse. Under the new system, no destinations have been placed at Level 4 so far.

More on Level 3

Much of Europe has been stubbornly lodged at Level 3 for months with the summer travel season in full swing. As of July 18, the following popular European destinations were among those remaining at Level 3:

• France

• Germany

• Greece

• Ireland

• Italy

• The Netherlands

• Norway

• Portugal

• Spain

• United Kingdom

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Those aren't the only high-profile spots that find themselves at Level 3. Numerous other destinations around the world are among those in the "high" risk category, including the following:

• Brazil

• Canada

• Costa Rica

• Malaysia

• Mexico

• South Korea

• Thailand

• Turkey

The CDC advises that you get up to date with your Covid-19 vaccines before traveling to a Level 3 destination. Being "up to date" means you have had not only the full initial vaccinations but any boosters for which you're eligible.

Level 2

Destinations carrying the “Level 2: Covid-19 Moderate” designation reported 50 to 100 Covid-19 cases per 100,000 residents in the past 28 days. The CDC designated seven new Level 2 places on Monday:

• Côte d'Ivoire (Ivory Coast)

• El Salvador

• Eswatini

• Gabon

• Lesotho

• Mauritania

• South Africa

Six of the seven places are in Africa.

The move was good news for Eswatini, Lesotho and South Africa, which all moved down from Level 3.

Gabon, Côte d'Ivoire and Mauritania all moved up in risk level from Level 1. The Central American country of El Salvador also moved up one risk level.

There are nearly 20 places in the "moderate" risk category this week.

You can view the CDC's risk levels for any global destination on the agency's travel recommendations page.

In its broader travel guidance, the CDC recommends being up to date with your vaccines before traveling internationally.

Level 1

To be listed as “Level 1: Covid-19 Low,” a destination must have had 49 or fewer new cases per 100,000 residents over the past 28 days. One new place was added to the category on July 18: Liberia.

There are more than 35 places in the “low” risk category this week.

A few of the more popular places in the “low” risk category this week include Indonesia, India and the Philippines.

Unknown

Finally, there are the destinations the CDC has deemed to be of “unknown” risk because of a lack of information. Usually, but not always, these are small, remote places or places with ongoing warfare or unrest. Just one place was added to this category this week: Sri Lanka.

The CDC advises against travel to these places precisely because the risks are unknown. Other destinations in this category that typically draw more tourist attention include French Polynesia, Hungary, Macau and the Maldives.

There are nearly 65 places listed as “unknown” this week.

A medical expert weighs in on risk levels

Transmission rates are just “one guidepost” for travelers' personal risk calculations, according to CNN Medical Analyst Dr. Leana Wen.

We've moved into “a phase in the pandemic where people need to make their own decisions based on their medical circumstances as well as their risk tolerance when it comes to contracting Covid-19,” said Wen, who is an emergency physician and professor of health policy and management at the George Washington University Milken Institute School of Public Health.

There are other factors to weigh in addition to transmission rates, according to Wen.

“Another is what precautions are required and followed in the place that you're going and then the third is what you are planning to do once you're there,” she said.

“Are you planning to visit a lot of attractions and go to indoor bars? That's very different from you're going somewhere where you're planning to lie on the beach all day and not interact with anyone else. That's very different. Those are very different levels of risk.”

Vaccination is the most significant safety factor for travel, since unvaccinated travelers are more likely to become ill and transmit Covid-19 to others, Wen said.

And it's also important to consider what you would do if you end up testing positive away from home.

While US-bound travelers no longer have to present a negative Covid-19 test to get home, the CDC still advises testing before boarding flights back to the States and not traveling if you are sick.

“Of course, if people have symptoms or exposure while traveling, they need to get tested, and if they test positive, to follow CDC's isolation guidelines,” Wen told CNN Travel recently. (CNN)

•PHOTO: Cape Town -- with its gorgeous mountains, beaches and clear blue water -- is a travel hot spot in South Africa. The nation is now at Level 2.

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